Incazelo kanye nomsuka we-Chip
I-Chip - igama elijwayelekile lemikhiqizo yezingxenye ze-semiconductor, amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, afushanisiwe njenge-IC; noma ama-microcircuits, ama-microchips, ama-wafers/chips, ku-electronics kuyindlela yokwenza amasekhethi amancane (ikakhulukazi amadivaysi e-semiconductor, kodwa futhi izingxenye ze-passive, njll.) futhi ngezikhathi ezithile akhiqizwa ebusweni be-semiconductor wafers.
Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1957, ama-prototypes athuthukiswa ngu-Werner Jacobi, uJeffrey Dummer, uSidney Darlington, u-Yasuo Tarui, kodwa umjikelezo wesimanje ohlanganisiwe wasungulwa ngu-Jack Kilby ngo-1958. Waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo we-Nobel we-Physics ngo-2000, kodwa u-Robert Noyce19 wadlula ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi wadlula isifunda sesimanjemanje.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-chip
Ngemuva kokusungulwa nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwama-transistors, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-solid-state semiconductor ezifana nama-diode nama-transistors asetshenziswe ngamanani amakhulu, esikhundleni somsebenzi kanye nendima yamashubhu e-vacuum kumasekhethi. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-semiconductor yenza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe angenzeka. Uma kuqhathaniswa namasekhethi ahlanganiswe ngesandla asebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene, amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe angahlanganisa inani elikhulu lama-micro-transistors abe yi-chip encane, okuyintuthuko enkulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwesikali, ukwethembeka, kanye nendlela eyimodyuli ekwakhiweni kwesekethe yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe kuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe asezingeni esikhundleni sokuklama ngama-transistors ahlukene.
Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe anezinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu ngaphezu kwama-transistors ahlukene: izindleko nokusebenza. Izindleko eziphansi zibangelwa ukuthi i-chip iphrinta zonke izingxenye njengeyunithi, kunokuba yenze i-transistor eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye zishintsha ngokushesha futhi zisebenzisa amandla amancane ngoba izingxenye zincane futhi zisondelene. 2006, indawo ye-chip isuka kumamilimitha-skwele ambalwa iye ku-350 mm² futhi ingafinyelela kuma-transistors ayisigidi nge-mm² ngayinye.
(Kungaba nama-transistors ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngaphakathi!)
Isebenza kanjani i-chip
I-chip iyisekethe ehlanganisiwe equkethe inani elikhulu lama-transistors. Ama-chips ahlukene anosayizi abahlukene bokuhlanganisa, kusukela kumakhulu ezigidi; kuya emashumini noma amakhulu ama-transistors. Ama-Transistors anezifunda ezimbili, zokuvula nokuvala, ezimelwe ngu-1 no-0. Ama-Multiple 1 kanye no-0 akhiqizwe ama-transistors amaningi, asethelwe emisebenzini ethile (okungukuthi, imiyalelo nedatha) ukuze amele noma acubungule izinhlamvu, izinombolo, imibala, izithombe, njll. Ngemva kokuthi i-chip inikwe amandla, iqala ikhiqize umyalelo wokuqalisa ukuqalisa i-chip, futhi kamuva ilokhu ithola imiyalelo emisha nedatha ukuze iqedele umsebenzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2019
